—rather, they say, “Without pointing or identification.” These people affirm an absolute, universal existence, which they identify neither inwardly nor outwardly.
For this reason, they remain bewildered and unsettled. At times they hold that He indwells created things without being confined to any particular one; at other times they deny both this and that of Him. They say:
“The Real is not subject to restriction or particularization, nor does He admit of being pointed to or individually identified,”
and use similar expressions whose actual implication is to deny His existence in external reality. For everything that exists externally is individually determinate, distinct from other things, and possesses characteristics peculiar to it that nothing else shares. This is what they call “restricted” in their terminology. They suppose that what has been described exists in external reality, but they are mistaken in this.
Their error resembles the error concerning many things that exist only in minds but are thought to exist in external reality. This is the source of the errors some have made concerning the nonexistent: is it a thing or not? Likewise concerning states; concerning the existence of existing things—is it their essence as established in external reality, or something else?—and concerning the natural universal: does it exist in external reality or not?
The essence of their position is that they have treated intellectual notions that exist only in the mind—such as abstract universals and the like—as things actually existing in external reality. They claim that this is the unseen of which the messengers spoke. This is error.
For the unseen of which the messengers spoke is, in principle, perceptible to the senses; it is not something that cannot be perceived by them. However, witnessing and perceiving it will take place after death, in the abode of the Hereafter. There, life and its accompanying capacities for perception and action are stronger and more complete, for the abode of the Hereafter is indeed the true life.