As for the benefit of seeking such clarification in rational inquiry: when someone uses an expression that admits several meanings, his statement is neither accepted nor rejected until we question him and ask him to clarify, so that his intended meaning becomes clear. The discussion then remains concerned with rational meanings, rather than verbal disputes. It has been said:
“Most disagreements among rational people arise from using the same names for different meanings.”
Anyone discussing purely rational concepts is not bound to particular wording; rather, he isolates the meaning and expresses it in whatever terms convey it.
The proponents of various doctrines have inherited teachings from their predecessors, expressed in their own terminology. Some of these terms were foreign and were rendered into Arabic, as were terms from the Greeks, Indians, Persians, and others. Those translating from their languages may or may not have translated accurately. Other terms are Arabic.
We address the various peoples only in our Arabic language. Thus, when they transmit from their predecessors such terms as hyle, form, matter, intellect, soul, essential and accidental attributes, the abstract, composition, combination, body, substance, accident, quiddity, part, and the like, the possible meanings of these expressions must be clarified.
For example, one of them may say: “A species is composed of a genus and a differentia, just as a human being is composed of ‘animal’ and ‘rational,’ or of animality and rationality. These are the parts of the human being and the parts of the definition. If the Necessary Being, glorified be He, has attributes, it follows that He is composite. A composite depends on its parts, and whatever depends on its parts cannot be a necessary being.” They should then be asked to clarify what they mean by ‘composition,’ ‘part,’ ‘dependence,’ and ‘other,’ for all these expressions admit multiple meanings and involve ambiguity and a lack of precision.
Thus, if someone says: “A human being is composed of ‘animal’ and ‘rational,’ or of animality and rationality,”