As He, glorified be He, says:

“The creation of the heavens and the earth is greater than the creation of mankind,”

to the end of the verse.

In particular, when a person considers how they govern the living bodies here, he knows with certainty that they are alive, for a living being can be governed only by another whose life is more perfect than its own. When he reflects upon these immense, living, rational beings, endowed with choice and encompassing us, and considers a third premise—namely, that they care for the things here although they do not need them for their own existence—he knows that they are commanded to perform these movements and are made subservient to the animals, plants, and inanimate things beneath them. He also knows that the one commanding them is other than they and necessarily is not a body, since, were he a body, he would be one of them. Each of them is made subservient to the beings beneath it here, serving that whose service it does not need for its own existence.

He further knows that, were it not for the existence of this commander, they would not care for the things here continuously and without interruption, since they govern them without deriving any particular benefit from this activity. Thus, they move only by virtue of the command and obligation laid upon the heavenly body, directed