In their specialized usage, “composite” means something within which a distinction can be made, such as the distinction between knowledge and power, or the distinguishability of what is seen, and similar examples. Calling this “composition” is a convention they have devised; it accords neither with the language of the Arabs nor with that of any other people. If this counts as being composite, then everything in existence is composite, for something must necessarily be known about every existent while something else remains unknown; what is known is not what is unknown.
Their statement, “It depends on its constituent part,” is misleading. A subject possessing attributes inseparable from it cannot be separated from those attributes, nor can they be separated from it. It has no reality other than the essence possessing those attributes, such that one could say, “That reality depends on something other than itself.” Some people call an inseparable attribute “other than the subject possessing it,” while others say, “It is not other than that subject.”
Others neither affirm nor deny that it is “other” without first making a distinction. They say: if “two things that are other than one another” means that one can be known without the other being known, then the attribute is other. But if it means that one can be separated from the other in time or place or—then it is not other.
If it is not said that the attribute is other than the subject possessing it, there is no “other” inseparable from the essence, let alone one upon which the essence depends. If, however, it is said to be other than it, then the attribute and the essence are mutually inseparable: neither exists without the other. Such mutual inseparability between two things entails that the existence of either is conditional upon the other. This is not impossible. What is impossible, however, is that it should entail that either exists only together with the other; this is not impossible. Rather, what is impossible is that each of the two should be the cause necessitating the other. Circularity in causes is therefore impossible, whereas circularity in “conditions is possible.