Most High:

“And most of them do not believe in Allah without associating others with Him.”

For this reason, the prophets, peace be upon them, said to their peoples:

“Is there any doubt about Allah, the Originator of the heavens and the earth?”

This is a rhetorical question expressing denial: it implies negation and makes clear that there is no doubt about Allah.

When someone says, “There is no doubt about this,” he means that it is so manifest, so clear, and so inescapably known that it ought not to be doubted—or that it is not doubted. On either interpretation, it becomes clear that acknowledgment of the Maker has this standing.

As for the second approach, sensory perception, there is no doubt that they do not claim to perceive Him through the outward senses. Rather, they say that sensation is of two kinds: outward and inward.

Through inward sensation, a person perceives internal states such as hunger and thirst, fullness and quenched thirst, joy and sorrow, pleasure and pain, and other states of the soul. Likewise, they inwardly sense their love for Him, glorified is He, their reverence for Him, their humility before Him, and their need of Him—feelings they cannot help experiencing and to which they are innately disposed. They also sense the knowledge that arises within them, encompassing His highest description in their hearts.

Sensory perception is of two kinds: unmediated perception, such as perceiving the sun, moon, and stars themselves; and mediated perception, such as perceiving