of many kinds without making clear which he intends, his words can neither be reflected upon nor understood. Thus, you find that the discourse of most of those who claim that Allah’s words admit many interpretations, and that He has not made clear what He intends by them, contains falsehood whose extent none but Allah knows. Indeed, the falsehood in their statements concerning revealed teachings is comparable to that in their statements concerning rational matters, even if they have not deliberately lied—just as a hadith narrator may inadvertently make a mistake in his narration. Ultimately, their position amounts to Qarmatian distortion of revealed teachings and sophistry in rational matters. These two bring together falsehood and outright fabrication.
If someone says, “Istawā admits fifteen meanings, or more, or fewer,” he is mistaken. The expression “istawā ‘alā such-and-such” has one meaning; “istawā ilā such-and-such” has another; “istawā wa such-and-such” has another; and “istawā,” without an accompanying particle, has another. Its meanings vary according to the particles accompanying it—the preposition indicating elevation, the preposition indicating an endpoint, and the conjunction “and”—or according to the absence of those particles.
This has been discussed at length elsewhere, where it has been shown that Allah’s words are perfectly clear and provide the fullest elucidation and explanation. This text and others have also been discussed at length, and some twenty proofs have been presented showing that this verse explicitly conveys one meaning and admits no other. The same has also been explained concerning other texts.
The discussion here therefore comprises four kinds:
First: to show that what the Quran and Sunnah convey contains guidance and clear explanation.
Second: to show that the proposed alternative meanings are invalid, since the evidence by which the speaker’s intent is known demonstrates that he did not intend them.
Third: to show that the rational arguments claimed to oppose them are invalid.
Fourth: to show that reason agrees with and supports them, rather than contradicting and opposing them.