and Allah grants success—we have already said:

People fall into two groups. One group consists of those whose hearts found no assurance in Islam and harbored no belief. They asked him, peace be upon him, for proofs, and he showed them miracles. They then divided into two groups: one believed, while the other stubbornly resisted and openly rejected the truth, thus disbelieving. People of this description today are those for whom seeking rational proofs is an unavoidable obligation.

The other group consists of those whom Allah Most High enabled to believe him, peace be upon him, and in whose hearts He created faith, as He Most High said:

‘Rather, Allah has conferred a favor upon you by guiding you to faith, if you are truthful.’

These people believed him, peace be upon him, without demanding a sign. People of this description today are those who truly believe in Islam without knowing how to reason from evidence.

Abū Muhammad said: Those who hold this position must conclude that everyone on earth is an unbeliever except a small minority. Some of them have said, ‘They do reason from evidence.’

He said: This is a brazen assertion that he knows to be false, and everyone who hears him knows