Darʾ Taʿâroud al-ʿAql wa-n-NaqlIbn Taimiya

Allah Most High has endowed His servants with an innate disposition to love and know Him. This is the upright monotheism upon which He created His servants, as stated in the authentic hadith in which the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said:

“Allah Most High says: ‘I created My servants as upright monotheists, but the devils led them astray, forbade them what I had made lawful for them, and commanded them to associate with Me that for which I had sent down no authority.’”

Allah Most High has said:

“So set your face toward the religion, inclining to truth—the natural disposition upon which Allah created mankind. There is no changing Allah’s creation. That is the upright religion.”

The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, also said:

“Every child is born upon the natural disposition; then his parents make him a Jew, a Christian, or a Magian, just as an animal gives birth to offspring with all its limbs intact. Do you see any among them that is mutilated?”

These matters are discussed elsewhere.

Among the issues related to this subject is that knowledge and faith are obligatory upon people according to their ability. The general truths that Allah Most High has required all His creatures to affirm are things they are capable of knowing.

As for the details, some are so subtle that only certain people can know them. If everyone else were required to know them, they would be burdened beyond their capacity. This is why it is not obligatory for every individual to hear every verse of the Quran and understand its meaning, although doing so is a collective obligation.

والله تعالى فطر عباده على محبته ومعرفته، وهذه هي الحنيفية التي خلق عباده عليها، كما في الحديث الصحيح عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: قال: «يقول الله تعالى: إني خلقت عبادي حنفاء فاجتالتهم الشياطين، وحرمت عليهم ما أحللت لهم، وأمرتهم أن يشركوا بي ما لم أنزل به سلطانا» . وقد قال تعالى: {فأقم وجهك للدين حنيفاً فطرة الله التي فطر الناس عليها لا تبديل لخلق الله ذلك الدين القيم} . وقال صلى الله عليه وسلم: «كل مولود يولد على الفطرة، فأبواه يهودانه وينصرانه ويمجسانه، كما تنتج البهيمة بهيمةً جمعاء، هل تحسون فيها من جدعاء» ؟ والكلام في هذه الأمور مذكور في غير هذا الموضع. ومن المسائل المتعلقة بهذا الباب أن العلم والإيمان واجب على الناس بحسب الإمكان، فالجمل التي فرض الله تعالى على الخلق كلهم الإقرار بها مما يمكنهم معرفتها. وأما التفاصيل ففيها من الدقيق ما لا يمكن أن يعرفه إلا بعض الناس، فلو كلف بقية الناس بمعرفته، كلفوا ما لا يطيقون، ولهذا لم يجب على كل أحد أن يسمع كل آية في القرآن ويفهم معناها، وإن كان هذا فرضاً على الكفاية.

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