in eternity past a world consisting of scattered parts moving irregularly. They collided by chance, producing the world in the form you now see. Cycles revolved, successive periods recurred, and composite things came into being.’”

He said:

“I do not regard the proponent of this view as someone who denies the Creator. Rather, he acknowledges the Creator, but attributes the world’s existence to luck and chance, seeking to avoid negation. I have therefore not counted this question among matters of inferential knowledge requiring demonstration. For the sound innate disposition of human beings attests—through its innate, necessary knowledge and immediate intellectual apprehension—to a wise, powerful, all-knowing Creator:

‘Is there any doubt about Allah?’ ‘If you ask them who created them, they will surely say