and others like him among the misguided—that their arguments are more complete than those of the Quran, and that they have established the fundamentals of religion more rigorously than the Companions and the Successors did.

Rather, He—glory be to Him—presents the argument appropriate to the point being established, as in His words, Most High:

“They say, ‘Allah has taken offspring.’ Glory be to Him! Rather, to Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth; all are devoutly obedient to Him. The Originator of the heavens and the earth! When He decrees a matter, He only says to it, ‘Be,’ and it is.”

And He, Most High, says:

“They have made the jinn partners with Allah, although He created them, and have falsely attributed sons and daughters to Him without knowledge. Glorified and exalted is He above what they ascribe to Him! The Originator of the heavens and the earth! How could He have offspring when He has no wife? He created all things, and He has knowledge of all things.”

These verses and the profound meanings they contain are discussed elsewhere. It has been explained there that these verses refute the false claims of the polytheists, the Sabians, and the People of the Book. They refute what the Arab polytheists used to say, what the Christians say, and what the polytheistic Sabians and their philosophers say—those who hold that intellects, or both intellects and souls, are generated from Him.

Anyone who seeks to reconcile their teachings with the prophetic revelations calls these angels and says: “The intellect is like the male, and the soul is like the female.” These people have thus falsely attributed sons and daughters to Him without knowledge.