Allah that differ from one group to another, and have turned many expressions of the revealed Law away from their apparent meanings toward interpretations tailored to those beliefs. Each has claimed that its belief is the revealed Law as originally given, which all people were intended to embrace, and that whoever departs from it is either a disbeliever or an innovator.

When all these beliefs are examined, together with the intent of the revealed Law, it becomes clear that most are newly introduced doctrines and innovated interpretations.

I shall discuss those matters that have the status of beliefs required by the revealed Law, without which faith cannot be complete. In doing so, I shall seek the intent of the Lawgiver—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—excluding whatever has been made a foundational principle of the revealed Law and one of its tenets through unsound interpretation. I shall begin by explaining what the Lawgiver intended the general public to believe concerning Allah, Blessed and Exalted, and the methods by which he guided them to this, as set out in the Noble Book.

We shall begin by identifying the method that leads to knowledge of the Maker’s existence, since this is the first thing that a person accountable under the revealed Law must know. Before that, however, we should