he said:

“In the account given by the adherents of the various schools, inference is divided into legal and rational. Those who engage in inquiry into foundational principles and those who reject it then divided into various schools. Some rejected both forms of inference, and it was said: ‘This is the position of those who reject inquiry.’

Others affirmed rational and revelation-based inference. This is the position of legal theorists and advocates of analogical reasoning among the jurists.

Others affirmed rational inference but rejected legal inference. This is the position of al-Nazzām, groups among the Rāfidīs, Ibādīs, and Azāriqa, and most Khārijite sects, except the Najadāt.

Still others held that theoretical inference should be prohibited and legal inference enjoined.