Darʾ Taʿâroud al-ʿAql wa-n-NaqlIbn Taimiya

And His words:

“Two young men entered the prison with him. One of them said, ‘I see myself pressing wine.’”
[Yūsuf: 36]

Through to His words:

“As for one of you, he will serve wine to his master.”
[Yūsuf: 41]

And His words:

“One of the two women said, ‘O my father, hire him.’”
[Al-Qasas: 26]

Through to His words:

“I wish to marry you to one of these two daughters of mine.”
[Al-Qasas: 27]

And His words:

“And there is none comparable to Him.”
[Al-Ikhlās: 4]

The Arabs and other peoples say: a man, two men, three men, one horse, one camel, one dirham, one garment, one head, one male organ, one commander, one king, one dwelling, one master, and countless similar expressions whose number Allah, Exalted is He, alone knows.

Thus, in the language of the Arabs and other peoples, the word wāhid (one) and its various forms are applied only to what these people call a divisible body. For whatever they do not call a divisible body is not something people can conceive of, nor do they know it to exist so as to express it in words. Rather, people’s minds and innate dispositions are constituted to reject and deny it. Even if such a thing were assumed to exist in external reality, or its existence were assumed possible, it would still be necessary to establish that the Arabs use the word (wāhid) in their language to refer to it. For it does not follow that everything that exists, or could exist, must be conceived of by the speakers of a language and fall within what they have expressed in that language.

وقوله: {ودخل معه السجن فتيان قال أحدهما إني أراني أعصر خمرا} [يوسف: ٣٦] . إلى قوله: {أما أحدكما فيسقي ربه خمرا} [يوسف: ٤١] . وقوله: {قالت إحداهما يا أبت استأجره} [القصص: ٢٦] . إلى قوله: {إني أريد أن أنكحك إحدى ابنتي هاتين} [القصص: ٢٧] . وقوله: {ولم يكن له كفوا أحد} [الإخلاص: ٤] . والعرب وغيرهم من الأمم يقولون: رجل، ورجلان اثنان، وثلاثة رجال، وفرس واحد، وجمل واحد، ودرهم واحد، وثوب واحد، ورأس واحد، وذكر واحد، وأمير واحد، وملك واحد، ومسكن واحد، وسيد واحد، وأمثال ذلك مما لا يحصيه إلا الله تعالى. فلفظ الواحد وما يتصرف منه في لغة العرب وغيرهم من الأمم لا يطلق إلا على ما يسمونه هم جسماً منقسماً، لأن ما لا يسمونه هم جسماً منقسماً ليس هو شيئاً يعقله الناس، ولا يعلمون وجوده حتى يعبروا عنه، بل عقول الناس وفطرهم مجبولة على إنكاره ونفيه، فلو قدر وجود هذا في الخارج، أو إمكان وجوده، لاحتيج بعد ذلك إلى أن يثبت لفظ (الواحد) في لغة العرب يعبرون بها عنه، إذ ليس كل ما وجد، أو أمكن وجوده، يجب أن يتصوره أهل اللغة، ويكون داخلاً فيما عبروا عنه من لغتهم.

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