The fifth approach:
It may be said: If He is separate from the world, then either He is conceived as encompassing it or He is not—whether He is conceived as encompassing it continually or only at certain times, as in His grasping on the Day of Resurrection and rolling up the heavens. If He is conceived as encompassing it, then He is above it, just as that which encompasses is above what it encompasses.
Their statement has already been mentioned:
“The celestial sphere is spherical.”
It follows that the celestial spheres encompass the earth and are above it, as scholars unanimously agree. Thus, He who encompasses them all is all the more entitled to loftiness and elevation—glory be to Him, the Most High—even though He resembles no created thing and is not of the same kind as the celestial spheres or anything else.
If He is not conceived as encompassing it, and the world is spherical, with no direction distinguished from the others as the upper direction, then His being separate from it necessarily means that He is above it, whatever the case may be.
If, however, the world is conceived as not being spherical, or as being spherical but with one direction distinguished as the upper direction, one might say, for example: Allah has set down the earth and spread it out for His creatures, so the direction above people’s heads is the upper direction of the world, rather than the opposite direction.
In that case, if He is separate from it and is conceived as not encompassing it, then He must be specifically associated with either the upper direction or another direction.
It is evident that the upper direction is more deserving of this distinction, because the upper direction is intrinsically nobler than the lower. For this reason, scholars unanimously agree that the direction of the heavens is nobler than the direction of the earth, and the direction of the head is nobler than the direction of the feet. He must therefore be specifically associated with the better and more excellent of the two, since such an association with the deficient and inferior one is impossible.