peculiar to what can be pointed to, for many of these thinkers allow what is newly arising or temporally originated to subsist in Him, even while maintaining that He cannot be pointed to.” Al-Rāzī’s statement has already been cited:
“The schools in general are bound to affirm the inherence of temporally originated events, even if they deny it.”
Yet those among them who deny His being above creation rule out the possibility of pointing to Him, as do those philosophers, Muʿtazilites, Ashʿarīs, and others who hold this position. Indeed, the adherents of philosophy allow temporally originated events to inhere in something other than the Necessary Existent that is not a body, as they maintain regarding the celestial and human souls.
Furthermore, most of the speculative theologians among them say that the temporally originated event subsisting in the Necessary Existent arose after not existing. Thus, they describe Him as having temporally originated events subsist in Him at one time but not another. Nevertheless, they do not regard Him, when these are absent, as resembling a person incapacitated and unable to walk.
These thinkers therefore say:
“Temporally originated events may subsist in Him—and this is a kind of motion—without His being something that can be pointed to, and without His resembling an incapacitated person when these events are absent.”
If their opponents concede this possibility to them, the argument fails. If they do not, these thinkers reply:
“This is more readily conceivable to reason than affirming a self-subsisting existent that cannot be pointed to. If this is a judgment of the imagination, then so is the former. Otherwise, a self-subsisting existent that cannot be pointed to must be impossible—which is what was to be demonstrated.”
This is further clarified by the fact that the term “motion” may mean movement from one spatial region to another, or it may have a broader meaning, encompassing motion in quality, quantity, and position. Examples include the soul becoming possessed of knowledge, power, and will; a body becoming black, red, sweet, or sour; the nourishment and growth occurring in animals and plants; and the motion of the celestial sphere within a single spatial region. These may be called motions even though the body has not moved from one spatial region to another.