Darʾ Taʿâroud al-ʿAql wa-n-NaqlIbn Taimiya

and similar claims—most people say that the falsity of their view is self-evident.

Likewise, the claim that accidents do not persist from one instant to the next is one that most rational people regard as self-evidently false.

The same applies to those who say that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, called the hypocrites believers and regarded their faith as equivalent to that of believers who were not hypocrites, while they would nevertheless remain in the Fire forever. Most rational Muslims know, as a matter of self-evident knowledge of the religion of Islam, that this claim is false.

Likewise, the claim that additions have been made to the glorious Quran and that things have been omitted from it is known to be self-evidently impossible in the ordinary course of events.

The Christians claim that the Word united with Christ; that it is not the Father who encompasses the hypostases, yet is nevertheless the Lord who creates and provides sustenance; and that it is a substance, although substance, according to them, is one and is none other than the Father. People regard this claim as self-evidently false.

If we were to examine such examples, we would find many of them. Indeed, the views held by numerous groups that most people regard as self-evidently false are too numerous to enumerate exhaustively. How, then, can it be said that a large body of people cannot unanimously deny what is self-evidently known?

وأمثال ذلك، يقول جمهور الناس: إن قولهم معلوم الفساد بالضرورة. وكذلك قول القائلين بأن الأعراض لا تبقى زمانين، مما يقول جمهور العقلاء: إن فساده معلوم بالضرورة. وكذلك من يقول: إن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كان يسمي المنافقين مؤمنين، ويجعل إيمانهم كإيمان المؤمنين غير المنافقين، وهم مع ذلك مخلدون في النار، مما يعلم جمهور العقلاء المسلمين فساده بالاضطرار من دين الإسلام. وكذلك القائلون بأن القرآن العزيز زيد فيه زيادات، ونقص منه أشياء، مما يعلم بالضرورة امتناعه في العادة. وقول النصارى: إن الكلمة اتحدث بالمسيح، وإنها ليس هي الآب الجامع للأقانيم، وهي مع ذلك الرب الذي يخلق ويرزق، وهي جوهر، والجوهر عندهم واحد ليس إلا الآب، مما يقول الناس: إنه معلوم الفساد بالضرورة. ومثل هذا إذا تتبعناه كثير. فوجده الأقوال التي يقول جمهور الناس: إنها معلومة الفساد بالضرورة في قول طوائف كثيرة من الناس أكثر من أن تستوعب، فكيف يقال: لا يجوز إطباق الجمع الكثير على إنكار ما علم بالبديهة؟

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