Darʾ Taʿâroud al-ʿAql wa-n-NaqlIbn Taimiya

understand from his words what he has neither explained to them nor directed them to, on the grounds that they could discover it through their own reason. This disparages the Messenger who conveyed the message clearly, through whom Allah guided His servants and brought them out of darkness into light. Through him, Allah distinguished truth from falsehood, guidance from misguidance, right conduct from error, His allies from His enemies, and the names and attributes rightly belonging to the Lord from those He is exalted above. Through him, Allah made the path clear, illuminated the evidence, and guided the believers, by His permission, to the truth concerning which they differed. Allah guides whom He wills to a straight path.

Whoever claims that the Messenger uttered words indicating only falsehood, not truth, without explaining his intended meaning; that he intended by those words a meaning that was not false; and that, to ascertain his intended meaning, he referred people to knowledge obtained through their fathers rather than from him—has disparaged the Messenger, as we have pointed out elsewhere.

How could this be, when the Messenger knows the truth better than anyone else, is the most capable of explaining it, and is the most sincere in seeking the good of others? This requires that his explanation of the truth be more complete than anyone else’s.

Whatever a person says or does necessarily requires ability, knowledge, and will. Someone incapable of speaking or acting cannot produce that speech or action. Someone ignorant of what he says or does cannot produce sound speech or sound action. Someone whose will is corrupt does not aim at guidance, sincere counsel, and righteousness. Thus, when a speaker knows the truth, fully intends to guide people, and is capable of doing so, what he is capable of accomplishing must come to pass. Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, knows the truth better than anyone else, is the most eloquent in speech and the clearest in expression, and is the most eager to guide Allah’s servants, as He says

يفهموا من كلامه ما لم يبينه لهم ويدلهم عليه، لإمكان معرفة ذلك بعقولهم، وأن هذا قدح في الرسول الذي بلغ البلاغ المبين الذي هدى الله به العباد وأخرجهم به من الظلمات إلي النور، وفرق الله به بين الحق والباطل، وبين الهدي والضلال، وبين الرشاد والغي، وبين أولياء الله وأعدائه، وبين ما يستحقه الرب من الأسماء والصفات وما ينزه عنه من ذلك، حتى أوضح الله به السبيل، وأنار به الدليل، وهدى به الذين آمنوا لما اختلفوا فيه من الحق بإذنه، والله يهدي من يشاء إلي صراط مستقيم. فمن زعم أنه تكلم بما لا يدل إلا علي الباطل لا علي الحق، ولم يبين مراده، وأنه أراد بذلك اللفظ المعنى الذي ليس بباطل، وأحال الناس في معرفة المراد علي ما يعلم من غير جهته بآبائهم، فقد قدح في الرسول، كما نبهنا علي ذلك في مواضع. كيف والرسول أعلم الخلق بالحق، وأقدر الناس علي بيان الحق، وأنصح الخلق للخلق؟ وهذا يوجب أن يكون بيانه للحق أكمل من بيان كل أحد. فإن ما يقوله القائل ويفعله الفاعل لا بد فيه من قدرة وعلم وإرادة، فالعاجز عن القول أو الفعل يمتنع صدور ذلك عنه، والجاهل بما يقوله ويفعله لا يأتي بالقول المحكم والفعل المحكم، وصاحب الإرادة الفاسدة لا يقصد الهدي والنصح والصلاح، فإذا كان المتكلم عالما بالحق قاصداً لهدى الخلق قصداً تاماً، قادراً علي ذلك وجب وجود مقدوره، ومحمد صلي الله عليه وسلم أعلم الخلق بالحق، وهو أفصح الخلق لساناً، وأصحهم بياناً، وهو أحرص الخلق علي هدي العباد، كما قال

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