they are found to have no demonstrative proof to support them, nor are they as effective as the apparent meaning in gaining the public’s acceptance and in the knowledge the public derives from them. For the primary purpose of knowledge for the public is action; whatever is more conducive to action is therefore more appropriate.

For scholars, however, knowledge serves both purposes: knowledge and action.”

He said:

“The likeness of someone who interprets a passage of revelation, claims that his interpretation is what revelation intended, and openly communicates that interpretation to the public may be illustrated by a medicine compounded by a skilled physician to preserve the health of everyone, or of most people. A man then comes along for whom this major compound remedy is unsuitable because of an unhealthy constitution found in only a small minority of people. He claims that, when the original physician explicitly named one of the drugs in this compound remedy intended for everyone, he did not mean the drug conventionally designated by that name. Rather, he meant another drug to which that name could be applied through a far-fetched metaphor. He therefore removes the original drug from the major compound remedy,