If they say, “If what is beginningless is necessary in existence, the Necessary Existent is established; and if it is contingent, the Necessary Existent is likewise established. Thus, the Necessary Existent is established on either assumption,”
the reply is: If this argument is sound, it entails that there must be a necessary existent, just as the existence of anything entails that there must be a necessary existent. This is undisputed. It does not, however, establish a Creator, nor that He is distinct from the celestial spheres, nor that He does not indwell. It entails only that there must be an existent whose nonexistence is impossible. This is conceded by those who deny the Creator, those who maintain that the world is beginningless, those who affirm indwelling, and others. It is therefore clear that their argument does not refute the doctrine of indwelling.
The point here is that the early generations and the leading scholars refuted those statements of the negators that were closer to affirmation. Their rejection of statements closer to negation therefore follows all the more strongly. The position of those who deny both His separation from the world and His being within it is further removed from reason than the claim of those who affirm that He is self-subsistent in every place, while denying that He is in contact with the world or separate from it.
The early generations refuted both positions. This also pointed to the invalidity of indwelling in the sense of an accident inhering in a substrate. Yet no one held this view, even though the negators could refute only this particular conception, rather than the positions known to be held by the proponents of indwelling.
What further clarifies this is that all the groups agreed in affirming an existent that is necessary in itself, beginningless and eternal, whose nonexistence is impossible. They then disagreed over what must be affirmed of it and what is impossible for it.
The negators describe Him through these negative attributes: He is neither separate from the world nor within it, neither above nor below; nothing ascends to Him and nothing descends from Him,