We discussed at length, some thirty years ago, these people’s claim that reasoning from the evidence of transmitted revelation depends on uncertain premises, such as the transmission of language, grammar and morphology, and ruling out figurative usage, ellipsis and restrictions on general wording. We also presented part of our explanation of its invalidity in our discussion of al-Muhassal and in … . That discussion establishes the evidence of transmitted revelation and explains that it can yield certainty and conclusive knowledge. This book explains the absence of any opposing rational argument and refutes the claim that rational proofs must invariably take precedence.

Elsewhere, we have explained that the Messenger conveyed the message clearly and made his intended meaning plain. Whenever an expression in the Quran or hadith is said to require interpretation in the specific technical sense of diverting an expression from its apparent meaning, the Messenger must have clarified his intended meaning through another statement. He cannot utter words whose understood meaning and implication are false while remaining silent about the true meaning intended. Nor can he intend that people should