and Hell, the Throne and the air?”

He replied, “Yes.”

We said, “Where, then, will our Lord be?”

He replied, “In the Hereafter, He will be in everything, just as He was in everything when this world existed.”

We said, “Then, according to your doctrine, whatever of Allah is upon the Throne is upon the Throne; whatever of Allah is in Paradise is in Paradise; whatever of Allah is in Hell is in Hell; and whatever of Allah is in the air is in the air.” At that point, their lies about Allah Most High became apparent to the people.’

[Ibn Taymiyyah’s commentary]

Thus, Imam Ahmad and other imams demonstrated the falsity of the Jahmiyyah’s position, whether they said, “He is everywhere,” or, “He is neither inside the world nor outside it,” or, “He is inside the world or outside it.” For the common basis of their position is that He is not separate from the world, exclusively above it.

Yet they are inconsistent: sometimes they say one thing, and sometimes another. One faction among them cannot refute the doctrine of another, because they share the same false premise.

For this reason, those among them who espouse indwelling and union, who say, “He is in every