so its opposite must be true: accepting the scriptural proofs as conveying the meanings they indicate. Whoever departs from this is committed to untenable conclusions that none but heretics would profess.
The consequences we have mentioned of leaving the meanings to Allah necessarily follow from their plainly stated, well-known position, for they say:
“The Messenger knew the meanings of these difficult, ambiguous texts, but he did not explain to people what he intended by them, nor did he clarify this sufficiently to settle the dispute.”
As for the position of their leading figures—that only Allah knows the meanings of these difficult, ambiguous texts, and that the meaning Allah intended by them requires departing from their apparent meanings—according to this position, the prophets and messengers do not know the meanings of these texts that Allah revealed to them. Neither do the angels nor the earliest believers. Consequently, the prophets do not know the meaning of what Allah has said about Himself in the Quran, or of much of what He has said about Himself. Rather, they utter words whose meaning they do not understand. According to one group, the same applies to the texts used by those who affirm divine decree; according to another, to the texts affirming commands and prohibitions, promises and threats; and according to another, to the texts affirming resurrection.
It is well known that this impugns the Quran and the prophets. Allah revealed the Quran and declared that He had made it a guidance and clarification for people. He commanded the Messenger to convey the message clearly and to explain to people what had been revealed to them, and He commanded people to reflect upon the Quran and understand it. Yet, on this view, no one knows the meaning of its noblest content: what the Lord has related about His attributes; about His being the Creator of all things and knowing all things; about His issuing commands and prohibitions, promises and threats; or about the Last Day. Thus, this content can neither be understood nor reflected upon, and the Messenger would neither have explained to people what had been revealed to them nor have conveyed the message clearly.