that are deficient, so he longs for them, oblivious to what lies beyond them. In relation to those who know Allah, he is like a child in relation to seasoned adults. Unaware of the delights that adults eagerly seek, and having experienced only the pleasures of play, children come to marvel at serious people when they turn away from those pleasures, curb them, and devote themselves to other pursuits.

Likewise, one whose deficiency has lowered his gaze away from contemplating delight in the True One raises both hands with the pleasures nearest him—illusory pleasures. He relinquishes them unwillingly in this world, and only to receive many times as much later. He worships Allah and obeys Him only so that He may grant him these pleasures in the Hereafter and satisfy him with them. Thus, when he is unearthed, he is raised to appetizing food, refreshing drink, and a beautiful spouse. In this life and the next, his gaze aspires to nothing beyond the pleasures of his belly and his sexual organ. But the one whose insight is illuminated by the guidance of