Darʾ Taʿâroud al-ʿAql wa-n-NaqlIbn Taimiya

He also said in his al-Shifā (The Healing):

“It would seem that the estimative faculty is itself the thinking, imaginative, and recollective faculty, and is itself the judging faculty. Thus, in itself it judges; through its acts and movements it imagines, by working upon forms and meanings; and it recollects with regard to what its activity ultimately yields. As for the retentive faculty, it is the faculty that serves as its storehouse.”

[Ibn Taymiyya’s commentary]

These, then, are his words. Some have said: “This indicates his uncertainty concerning these faculties.” Our purpose here, however, is not to discuss the matters over which they disagree: whether these particular perceptions and particular acts belong to the soul, even if mediated by the body, or to the body; whether their locus is one thing or several things; and whether they occur through one faculty or several faculties.

Discussing this is not relevant to our purpose here. For rational people do not disagree that humans—indeed, other animals as well—conceive of something in another that they love, on account of which they are well disposed toward that other, and whose existence they hope for; and conceive of something that they hate, on account of which they are hostile toward that other, and whose existence they fear.

وقال أيضاً في شفائه: (ويشبه أن تكون القوة الوهمية هي بعينها المفكرة المتخيلة والمتذكرة، وهي بعينها الحاكمة، فتكون بعينها حاكمة، وبأفعالها وحركاتها متخيلة بما تعمل من الصور والمعاني، والمتذكرة بما ينتهي إليه عملها، وأما الحافظة فهي قوة خزانتها) . [تعليق ابن تيمية] فهذه ألفاظه، ومن الناس من قال: هذا يدل على اضطرابه في أمر هذه القوى، وليس المقصود هنا الكلام فيما يتنازعون فيه، وهو أن هذه الإدراكات الجزئية والأفعال الجزئية: هل هي للنفس، وإن كان بواسطة الجسم، أو هي للجسم، وهل محل هذه شيء واحد أو أشياء متعددة؟ وهل هو بقوة واحدة أو بقوى متعددة؟ فإن الكلام في هذا مما لم يتعلق بالمقصود في هذا المكان، فإنه لا خلاف بين العقلاء أن الإنسان - بل وغيره من الحيوان - يتصور في غيره ما يحبه ويواليه عليه ويرجو وجوده، ويتصور ما يبغضه ويعاديه عليه ويخاف وجوده.

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