Darʾ Taʿâroud al-ʿAql wa-n-NaqlIbn Taimiya

you imagined another in its place, this would not alter the true essence of his humanity.

Sensation apprehends it as immersed in these accidental attributes, which attach to it because of the matter from which it was created. It does not strip them away, and apprehends it only through a spatial relation between the sense faculty and its matter. Thus, when it is no longer present, only its outward form is represented in sensation.

Inward imagination, by contrast, imagines it together with those accidental attributes. It cannot abstract it entirely from them, but it does abstract it from the aforementioned relation on which sensation depends. It therefore represents its form even in the absence of that which bears it.

The intellect, however, can abstract the essence enveloped in extraneous, individuating concomitants, firmly apprehending that essence, as though it had performed an operation upon the sensible object that rendered it intelligible.

As for that which is in itself free of material admixtures and of concomitants

توهمت بدله غيره لم يؤثر في حقيقة ماهية إنسانيته. والحس ينال من حيث هو مغمور في هذه العوارض التي تلحقه بسبب المادة التي خلق منها، لا يجردها عنه، ولا يناله إلا بعلاقة وضعية بين حسه ومادته، ولذلك لا يتمثل في الحس إلا ظاهر صورته إذا زال. وأما الخيال الباطن فيتخيله مع تلك العوارض، لا يقتدر على تجريده المطلق عنها، لكنه يجرده عن تلك العلاقة المذكورة التي يتعلق بها الحس، فهو يتمثل صورته مع غيبوبة حاملها. وأما العقل فيقتدر على تجريد الماهية المكنوفة باللواحق الغريبة المشخصة مستثبتاً إياها حتى كأنه عمل بالمحسوس عملاً جعله معقولاً. وأما ما هو في ذاته بريء عن الشوائب المادية، ومن اللواحق

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