Darʾ Taʿâroud al-ʿAql wa-n-NaqlIbn Taimiya

let him hear an address by which He intends something contrary to its apparent meaning, unless He brings the opposing rational argument to his mind.”

When you said to him, “This rests on the principle of good and evil; moreover, the negligence lies with the accountable individual,” as previously explained, you may likewise be told here:

“This rests on the principle of good and evil; moreover, the negligence lies with the accountable individual. For he was negligent in believing that revelatory evidence yields certainty when it does not. Thus, his unqualified certainty about what the Lawgiver’s report signifies was negligence on his part, while he allowed that the Lawgiver might intend by His address something contrary to its apparent meaning.”

If they take another approach—namely, that revelation cannot be invoked as evidence in any theoretical question—and say, “The resurrection and similar matters are necessarily known to be part of the Messenger’s religion, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, just as the obligation of prayer is known,” using this to answer Ibn Sīnā, then this would also provide an answer for the proponents of affirmation. For the affirmation of the divine names, attributes, and acts is necessarily known, as indeed is the affirmation of His being above.

The source of the error is his statement:

“If we were to suppose that a conclusive rational proof established something contrary to what the revelatory evidence indicates.”

It is your admission of this possibility that has led you into these pitfalls. You should therefore have recognized that this supposition must be categorically rejected, and that it is impossible for a conclusive rational proof to contradict revelatory evidence.

يسمعه الخطاب الذي أراد به خلاف ظاهره، إلا إذا أخطر بباله العقلي المعارض. فلما قلتم له: هذا مبني على قاعدة الحسن والقبح، وأيضاً فالتفريط من المكلف، كما تقدم إيراده. فيقال لكم هنا كذلك: هذا مبني على قاعدة الحسن والقبح، وأيضا فالتفريط من المكلف، لأنه لما اعتقد في الأدلة السمعية أنها تفيد اليقين، وهي لا تفيد اليقين، كان مفرطا، فكان جزمه بمدلول خبر الشارع مطلقاً تفريط منه، مع تجويزه أن يريد بخطابه خلاف ظاهره. فإن سلكوا طريقة أخرى: وهو أنه لا يحتج بالسمع على شيء من المسائل العلمية، وقالوا: المعاد ونحوه معلوم بالضرورة من دين الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم، كما علم وجوب الصلاة، وأجابوا به ابن سينا، وكان هذا أيضاً جواباً لأهل الإثبات، فإن إثبات الأسماء والصفات، والأفعال معلوم بالضرورة، بل وإثبات لعلو أيضاً. ومنشأ الضلال قوله: (لو قدرنا قيام الدليل القاطع العقلي على خلاف ما دل عليه الدليل السمعي) وإثبات هذا التقدير هو الذي أوقعكم في هذه المحاذير، فكان ينبغي لكم أن تعلموا أن هذا التقدير يجب نفيه قطعاً، وأنه يمتنع أن يقوم دليل قاطع عقلي مخالف للدليل السمعي.

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