Darʾ Taʿâroud al-ʿAql wa-n-NaqlIbn Taimiya

It is self-evident to anyone who reflects on what the Messengers reported about the attributes of the angels that the intellects described by these polytheistic Sabian philosophers are not the angels. We know with certainty that the Messengers never held that a single angel brought into being everything other than Allah Most High, or that an angel brought into being everything beneath heaven. Nor did they regard the angels as lords or gods.

Indeed, Allah Most High said:

“Nor would he command you to take the angels and the prophets as lords. Would he command you to disbelieve after you have become Muslims?”
[Āl ‘Imrān: 80]

And Allah Most High said:

“They say, ‘The Most Merciful has taken offspring.’ Glory be to Him! Rather, they are honored servants.”
[al-Anbiyā’: 26]

Up to:

“And whoever among them says, ‘I am a god besides Him,’ We will recompense him with Hell.”
[al-Anbiyā’: 29]

There are other similar verses. An angel can be no more than an intercessor with Allah, and he intercedes only after receiving His permission.

It is well known that these people’s disbelief is greater than that of the Christians. The Christians acknowledge a God who created all created things; they do not posit an effect of His that created them. They do, however, say that He united with Christ.

These people, by contrast, posit intellects that have no reality, then claim that each of them brought another intellect and the rest of the universe into being.

ومن المعلوم بالاضطرار لكل من تدبر ما أخبرت به الرسل من صفات الملائكة أن هذه العقول التي وصفها هؤلاء الفلاسفة الصابئة المشركون، ليست هي الملائكة فإنا نعلم بالاضطرار أنهم لم يجعلوا ملكاً واحداً أبدع جميع ما سوى الله تعالى، ولا ملكا أبدع جميع ما تحت السماء، ولا جعلوا الملائكة أرباباً ولا آلهة. بل قد قال تعالى: {ولا يأمركم أن تتخذوا الملائكة والنبيين أرباباً أيأمركم بالكفر بعد إذ أنتم مسلمون} [آل عمران: ٨٠] . وقال تعالى: {وقالوا اتخذ الرحمن ولدا سبحانه بل عباد مكرمون} [الأنبياء: ٢٦] ، إلى: {ومن يقل منهم إني إله من دونه فذلك نجزيه جهنم} [الأنبياء: ٢٩] ، ونحو ذلك من الآيات. فغاية الملك أن يكون شافعاً عند الله، ولا يشفع إلا من بعد إذنه. ومن المعلوم أن كفر هؤلاء أعظم من كفر النصارى، فإن النصارى يقرون بإله خلق جميع المخلوقات، لا يجعلون له معلولا خلق المخلوقات، لكن يقولون: إنه اتحد بالمسيح. وأما هؤلاء فيثبتون عقولاً لا حقيقة لها، ثم يقولون إن كلاً منها أبدع الآخر وسائر العالم.

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