Religious innovations derive from disbelief. Whoever opposes the Book and the Sunnah with men’s opinions expresses a view derived from the statements of those misguided people. As Mālik said:
“Must we, whenever a man comes to us who is more skilled in disputation than another, abandon what Gabriel brought to Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, because of this man’s arguments?”
If it is said:
“This argument establishes, at most, that revelation cannot properly be opposed by reason. But if reason is called into question, we are left with no evidence for the validity of revelation.”
The reply is:
The point here is that reason cannot be given precedence over revelation, which is precisely what we seek to establish.
As for the validity of revelation in itself and our knowledge of it, this is not the place to establish that. We have not claimed that rational evidence is false, nor that the evidence by which the validity of revealed teaching is known is false. Rather, we have explained that revelation cannot be opposed by reason, nor can reason be given precedence over it. Whoever maintains otherwise contradicts himself, and his position necessarily entails that reason is not valid evidence, since, according to him, reason entails the truth of something that is false in itself.
He must therefore be driven to say:
“Whatever rational evidence contradicts is not, in my view, genuine evidence; rather, it is false.”
He is then told:
“Likewise, whatever revealed evidence contradicts is not genuine evidence; rather, it is false.”
The matter thus comes down to examining what the evidence establishes, whether it is revealed or rational. If the evidence is conclusive, nothing can legitimately contradict it. This is the truth.
Furthermore, we have explained that what is called “rational evidence”—by those who use this expression—is a category encompassing various kinds. Some are true and some are false, as all rational people agree. People agree that many include under this designation both what is true and what is false.