Darʾ Taʿâroud al-ʿAql wa-n-NaqlIbn Taimiya

He said:

“The fourth approach is to infer the existence of the Maker from the coming into being of attributes and accidents, as when a drop of sperm becomes a human being. This is something that comes into being, and a human being cannot bring it about. It must therefore have another agent, since whatever comes into being requires someone to bring it into being. This is either known self-evidently, as the great majority of rational thinkers maintain, or established through contingency, or established by analogy with what human beings bring into being.”

He said:

“The difference between inference from the contingency of attributes and inference from their coming into being is that the former entails that the agent is not a body, whereas the latter does not.”

He said:

“The fifth approach, which goes back to the preceding four, is to infer the agent’s knowledge from the order and precision found in the world. Whatever indicates his knowledge has an even stronger claim to indicate his very existence.”

I say:

The Quran presents the method of inference from things observed to come into being, and the early generations and the imams agreed upon it. They themselves have acknowledged that this approach leads to knowledge

قال: (المسلك الرابع: الاستدلال بحدوث الصفات، والأعراض عن وجود الصانع، كصيرورة النطفة إنسانا، فهذا حادث، والعبد غير قادر عليه، فلا بد له من فاعل آخر لافتقار المحدث إلى المحدث: إما لأن ذلك معلوم بالضرورة، كما يقول جمهور لعقلاء، وإما لإثبات ذلك بالإمكان، وما لإثباته بالقياس على ما يحدثه العباد) . قال: (والفرق بين الاستدلال بإمكان الصفات وبين الاستدلال بحدوثها أن الأول يقتضي أن لا يكون الفاعل جسماً، والثاني لا يقتضي ذلك) . قال: (والطريق الخامسة: وهي عائدة إلى الأربعة: الاستدلال بما في العالم من الإحكام والإتقان على علم الفاعل، والذي يدل على علمه هو بالدلالة على ذاته أولى) . قلت: طريقة الاستدلال بما يشاهد حدوثه جاء بها القرآن، واتفق عليه السلف والأئمة، وقد اعترفوا بأن هذه الطريق تفضي إلى العلم

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