those on foot; His descent to the gravelly valley of Mecca; His sitting on a chair between heaven and earth; His descent onto the rock in Jerusalem; and the like.

Likewise, they compose books based on their own opinions and tastes, claiming that this is Allah’s religion, which must be followed.

As for their distortion of the scriptural texts through various unsound interpretations that displace words from their proper contexts, these are too numerous to recount. Examples include the interpretations of the esotericist Qarmatians, the Jahmiyyah, the Qadariyyah, and others.

As for their failure to understand, they sometimes distort the texts they oppose through interpretation, and sometimes turn away from reflecting on them and understanding their meanings, thus becoming like the unlettered