Darʾ Taʿâroud al-ʿAql wa-n-NaqlIbn Taimiya

deny Our signs and arrogantly reject them—those are the people of the Fire; they will abide therein forever.”
[Al-Aʿrāf: 35–36]

He has stated that the people of the Fire entered it only because they opposed the Messengers. Allah Most High says:

“On the Day He gathers them all together: ‘O company of jinn, you have drawn many of humankind to yourselves.’”
[Al-Anʿām: 128]

Further in the passage, He says:

“‘O company of jinn and humankind, did there not come to you Messengers from among yourselves, relating My signs to you and warning you of the meeting of this Day of yours?’ They will say, ‘We bear witness against ourselves.’ The worldly life deluded them, and they will bear witness against themselves that they were unbelievers.”
[Al-Anʿām: 130]

Allah Most High also says:

“Those who disbelieved will be driven to Hell in groups. When they reach it, its gates will be opened, and its keepers will say to them, ‘Did there not come to you Messengers from among yourselves, reciting your Lord’s signs to you and warning you of the meeting of this Day of yours?’ They will say, ‘Yes, but the decree of punishment has become binding upon the unbelievers.’”
[Al-Zumar: 71]

Allah Most High also says:

“Whenever a group is cast into it, its keepers will ask them, ‘Did no warner come to you?’ * They will say, ‘Yes, a warner did come to us, but we denied him and said, “Allah has revealed nothing; you are only in great error.”’”
[Al-Mulk: 8, 9]

It is well known that the speech the Messengers conveyed from Allah is of two kinds: prescriptive speech and statements of fact. Prescriptive speech includes commands, prohibitions, and permissions. Thus, the foundation of happiness is to believe what He declares and obey what He commands, while the foundation of misery is to oppose His declarations and commands with opinion and personal desire. This is precisely what it means to oppose scriptural texts with opinion and give personal desire precedence over divine law.

كذبوا بآياتنا واستكبروا عنها أولئك أصحاب النار هم فيها خالدون} [الأعراف ٣٥-٣٦] . وقد أخبر عن أهل النار أنهم إنما دخلوها لمخالفة الرسل، قال تعالى: {ويوم يحشرهم جميعا يا معشر الجن قد استكثرتم من الإنس} [الأنعام: ١٢٨] ، إلى قوله: {يا معشر الجن والإنس ألم يأتكم رسل منكم يقصون عليكم آياتي وينذرونكم لقاء يومكم هذا قالوا شهدنا على أنفسنا وغرتهم الحياة الدنيا وشهدوا على أنفسهم أنهم كانوا كافرين} [الأنعام: ١٣٠] . وقال تعالى: {وسيق الذين كفروا إلى جهنم زمرا حتى إذا جاؤوها فتحت أبوابها وقال لهم خزنتها ألم يأتكم رسل منكم يتلون عليكم آيات ربكم وينذرونكم لقاء يومكم هذا قالوا بلى ولكن حقت كلمة العذاب على الكافرين} [الزمر: ٧١] . وقال تعالى: {كلما ألقي فيها فوج سألهم خزنتها ألم يأتكم نذير * قالوا بلى قد جاءنا نذير فكذبنا وقلنا ما نزل الله من شيء إن أنتم إلا في ضلال كبير} [الملك: ٨، ٩] . ومعلوم أن الكلام الذي جاءت به الرسل عن الله نوعان: إما إنشاء وإما خبر. والإنشاء يتضمن الأمر والنهي والإباحة، فأصل السعادة تصديق خبره، وطاعة أمره وأصل الشقاوة معارضة خبره وأمره بالرأي والهوى، وهذا هو معرضة النص بالرأي، وتقديم الهوى على الشرع.

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