Darʾ Taʿâroud al-ʿAql wa-n-NaqlIbn Taimiya

the means of approach, striving to be closest to Him, and hope for His mercy and fear His punishment. Indeed, your Lord’s punishment is ever to be feared.”
Al-Isrā’: 56 and 57.

Allah Most High says:

“Say, ‘Call upon those whom you claim besides Allah. They possess not an atom’s weight in the heavens or on the earth. They have no share in either, nor does He have any helper among them.’ Intercession with Him is of no benefit except for those to whom He gives permission.”
Saba’: 22, 23.

Thus, He denied that anyone besides Him possesses dominion alongside Him, shares in His dominion, or assists Him. He affirmed no beneficial intercession except that which takes place with His permission. This is the intercession in which the believers have faith, such as the intercession of our Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, on the Day of Resurrection. By the consensus of Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jamā‘ah, he will make several intercessions on that Day, even interceding for those of his community who committed major sins, as numerous authentic hadiths attest, just as he used to supplicate and intercede for them during his lifetime.

Others whom Allah permits to intercede will likewise do so. But this is not the intercession affirmed by the various groups of polytheists—those outside the People of the Book, the Sabians, and those among the People of the Book who resemble them, such as the Christians—as well as those of this community who resemble them, such as the philosophers, the heretics, the Ismailis, the adherents of al-Madnūn bihi (The Withheld Knowledge), and others. They maintain that intercession brings benefit without the intercessor supplicating to Allah and without the Lord granting him permission to intercede, as explained above.

الوسيلة أيهم أقرب ويرجون رحمته ويخافون عذابه إن عذاب ربك كان محذورا} الإسراء: ٥٦ و٥٧. وقال تعالى {قل ادعوا الذين زعمتم من دون الله لا يملكون مثقال ذرة في السماوات ولا في الأرض وما لهم فيهما من شرك وما له منهم من ظهير * ولا تنفع الشفاعة عنده إلا لمن أذن له} سبأ: ٢٢، ٢٣. فنفي أن يكون لغيره معه ملك أو شريك في الملك أو مظاهرة له ولم يثبت من الشفاعة النافعة إلا ما كان بإذنه وهذه الشفاعة التي يؤمن بها المؤمنين كشفاعة نبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم يوم القيامة فإنه بإتفاق أهل السنة والجماعة له شفاعات في القيامة حتى يشفع في أهل الكبائر من أمته كما استفاضت بذلك الأحاديث الصحيحة كما كان يدعو ويشفع لهم في حياته. وكذلك يشفع غيره ممن يأذن الله له في الشفاعة لكن ليست هي الشفاعة التي يثبتها أصناف المشركين من غير أهل الكتاب والصابئين ومن ضاهاهم من أهل الكتاب كالنصارى ومن ضاهاهم من هذه الأمة كالمتفلسفة والملاحدة والإسماعلية وكأهال المضنون به وغيرهم فإنهم جعلوا الشفاعة تنفع بدون دعاء الشافع لله وبدون إذن الرب له في الشفاعة كما تقدم.

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