al-Tūsī and others like him gain acceptance among the polytheist Tatars through anything but the lies of astrologers and the schemes of tricksters, which are contrary to reason and religion?

As for your eminent masters, such as Aristotle and his peers, he amounted to no more than a polytheist and sorcerer, serving as minister to a king who was himself a polytheist and sorcerer, such as Alexander son of Philip and other Greek kings who were polytheists and worshipped idols. Whatever guidance and prosperity they attained came only when Christianity spread among them, some three hundred and nineteen years or more after Aristotle. It has been said that this occurred during the reign of their last king, Ptolemy, the author of the Almagest. That is enough to show you the worth of people whom Christians surpass in reason, knowledge, and guidance toward the most upright religion.

It is a form of misguidance to suppose that Dhū al-Qarnayn, mentioned in the glorious Quran, was Alexander son of Philip, whose minister Aristotle is said to have been; and this is