to hints and gestures, but rather a thorough, explicit exposition that fully explains, clarifies, conveys understanding, and imparts knowledge.”

All of this is an argument against his brethren, the Jahmiyyah who deny the divine attributes. Those who affirm the attributes, however, maintain that true monotheism has been explicitly and thoroughly expounded, with full explanation, clarification, instruction, and definition. These texts of the Quran, the authentic hadiths of the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and the statements of the Companions, the Successors, and others among the early generations contain explanations affirming the divine attributes that none but the Lord of the heavens can enumerate.

His statement:

“Even the most accomplished, who devote their days to swiftly grasping abstruse meanings, need additional explanation and exposition to understand these meanings. What, then, of the inarticulate Hebrews and the tent-dwelling Arabs?”

This statement serves as an argument against his brethren, the Jahmiyyah among the Muʿtazilah and their followers who deny the divine attributes and claim that true monotheism is the doctrine of those who uphold negation and deny the attributes. Undoubtedly, understanding their doctrine involves obscurity and subtlety, because it is an incoherent and contradictory doctrine, far more contradictory than that of the Christians, as has been demonstrated in