The point is that these people called this denial “monotheism”—a designation invented by the Jahmīs who deny the divine attributes, and one used neither in the Quran nor in the Sunnah, nor by any of the early generations or leading scholars. Rather, those who affirm the attributes have explained that monotheism is complete only through affirming the attributes and worshipping Allah alone, without any partner, as Allah has stated in the two surahs of sincerity and throughout the verses of the Quran.
When these Jahmīs, from among the Mu‘tazila and others, agreed with him in denying the attributes and calling this true monotheism, he used this dialectical premise to argue against them that the messengers had not explained the actual truth concerning knowledge of Allah’s oneness and knowledge of the Last Day. Nor had they stated what it was fitting or obligatory for the elite among humankind, those endowed with understanding, to comprehend, grasp, and know concerning these matters. He further argued that the Quran, the Sunnah, and scholarly consensus could not be cited as evidence concerning belief in Allah and the Last Day: neither concerning creation nor resurrection, neither the beginning nor the return; and that the divine scriptures provided only imaginative representations beneficial to ordinary people, rather than an elucidation of truth yielding knowledge and understanding.
His argument was also that the greatest, most exalted, and noblest field of knowledge—knowledge of Allah—had not been explained by the messengers at all: they had neither spoken of it nor guided people to it. Indeed, they had explained neither knowledge of Allah nor knowledge of the final return; neither the truth concerning belief in Allah nor the truth concerning belief in the Last Day. According to them, the words of Allah and His Messenger contain no knowledge of these matters that benefits people endowed with understanding, but only imaginative representations and obscurity that benefit the ignorant among ordinary people.
Since this was the substance of the position held by the heretical Qarmatian esotericists, they came to regard one of their leaders as equal to the Messenger, or even greater than the Messenger, and deemed it permissible for him to abrogate