well known among the Ash'arīs, and it was on this that he relied.

Al-Rāzī and others like him did not rely on this approach, because it rests on the premise that accidents cannot persist. Most rational thinkers rejected this premise, saying that its proponents contradict sensory experience and the necessary truths of reason. He therefore considered reliance on it to establish the temporal origination of bodies to be exceedingly weak.

Al-Āmidī criticized all the approaches on which al-Rāzī relied. The purpose here is to recount al-Āmidī’s objections to his own arguments for denying that Allah is a body and that temporally originated events subsist in Him. It has already been mentioned that he criticized his arguments based on substances being alike and bodies being alike, explaining that those who affirm this have no proof. He also criticized his own argument based on composition in several places, some of which have already been mentioned.