This matter is discussed in detail in its proper place. For when a rational, discerning person reflects on the arguments of those who deny the divine attributes, divine decree, and the like, and gives them due rational scrutiny, he recognizes through reason that they are invalid and that their opposites are true, as we have explained elsewhere.

[The Eighth Argument]

It may be said:

The questions in which reason and revelation are alleged to conflict are not clear matters known through sound reason, such as questions of arithmetic and geometry, evident matters in natural science, clear theological truths, and the like. No one has transmitted anything of this kind from our Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, through an authentic chain of transmission, nor is there anything of this kind in the Quran. Such things occur only in a fabricated hadith that scholars of transmission know to be false, or in a weak inference based on a mistaken understanding of revelation.

An example of the first category is the report about the sweat of horses, which some people fabricated and falsely attributed to the students of Hammād ibn Salama. They said that it had been fabricated by one of the people of religious innovation, and accused Muhammad ibn Shujāʿ al-Thaljī of composing it. They said that he fabricated it and pinned it on certain scholars of hadith so that people would say that they transmitted such reports. Its text states:

“He created horses and made them run; they sweated, and then He created