Darʾ Taʿâroud al-ʿAql wa-n-NaqlIbn Taimiya

And if it is said that a single attribute inheres in the whole, this entails that a single thing inheres in multiple things.

Since this division into alternatives applies to something in which attributes are known to inhere, yet does not negate their inherence in it, it is clear that this argument is invalid.

[Fourth]

His statement: “The fourth is impossible, because it entails the inherence of a single thing in multiple things.”

The reply is:

We do not concede that this follows. For this account of inherence rests on the assumption that a single thing would then inhere in multiple things: he has posited that one knowledge, one power, and one life inhere in a collection of parts.

This premise is unsound. What is known about the unity and multiplicity of the inhering attribute corresponds to what is known about the unity and multiplicity of its locus. Thus, if the life inhering in a living body is said to be one life, the body is said to be one living thing. If the living thing is said to consist of multiple parts, its life is likewise said to consist of multiple parts. The inhering attribute and its locus are therefore alike with respect to unity and multiplicity.

Accordingly, their statement that a single thing inheres in multiple things is false. Rather, whatever

وإن قيل: تقوم الصفة الواحدة بالجملة لزم قيام الواحد بالمتعدد. فإذا كان هذا التقسيم وارداً على ما يعلم قيام الصفات به لم ينف قيامها به علم أنها حجة باطلة. [الرابع] قوله والرابع محال لأنه يلزم منه قيام المتحد بالمتعدد. فيقال: لا نسلم التلازم فإن هذا القيام مبناه على أنه حينئذ يقوم الواحد بالمعتدد، فإنه فرض قيام علم واحد وقدرة واحدة وحياة واحدة بجملة أجزاء. وهذا الأصل فاسد فإن المعلوم من وحدة الصفة الحالية وتعددها هو المعلوم من وحدة المحل وتعدده فالحياة القائمة بجسم حي إذا قيل: هي حياة واحدة، قيل هو حي واحد وإذا قيل الحي أجزاء متعددة قيل: الحياة أجزاء متعددة، فالحال ومحله سواء في الاتحاد والتعدد. وحينئذ فقولهم: أنه قام المتحد بالمتعدد كلام باطل بل ما

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