Darʾ Taʿâroud al-ʿAql wa-n-NaqlIbn Taimiya

for their loci are multiple. Yet whether the locus is multiple or single does not rule out mutual opposition: two identical things are mutually opposed, even though they are identical in reality and locus. Thus, bā and tā are more strongly opposed than bā and hā, since two letters with distinct loci can coexist, unlike those that share a single locus. Two mutually opposed things cannot coexist in one locus, but they can exist in two separate loci.

If it is supposed that letters can exist only in a single locus, they are comparable to their meanings, which can exist only in a single locus.

If, however, it is supposed that they have two loci, they can coexist, just as the voices of different speakers can all sound together.

But none of us can—none of us can—do this, because the movement of one of our speech organs necessarily entails the movement of another. Otherwise, if it were supposed that we could move them all—like someone blowing air with both hands, using a blowing device in each—letters and sounds could occur simultaneously in distinct loci.

What appears impossible is only that two letters should coexist in a single locus at the same time.

Yet it might be said that this is comparable to the meanings of speech, for each of us finds within himself that he cannot bring together the meanings of speech in his heart at one time.

If that is so, anyone who holds that meanings can coexist is subject to the same implications as one who holds

فإنه متعدد لكن تعدد المحل واتحاده لا ينفي التضاد فإن المثلين متضادان وغن كانا متماثلين في الحقيقة والمحل، فالباء والتاء تتضادان أعظم من تضاد الباء والحاء إذ الحرفان يتعدد محلها يمكن اجتماعها ن بخلاف ما يتحد محلهما والضدان إنما يمتنع اجتماعهما في محل واحد لا في محلين. فإذا قدر أن الحروف لا تكون إلا في محل واحد كانت بمنزلة معانيها التي لا تكون إلا في محل واحد. وإذا قدر أن لها محلين أمكن اجتماعها، كما تجتمع أصوات المتكلمين جميعاً. لكن الواحد منا لا يقدر منا لا يقدر على ذلك لكون حركة بعض آلاته مستلزماً لحركة الآخر وإلا فلو قدر أنا يمكننا تحريك الجميع كالذي ينفخ بيديه في هذه نفاخة وفي هذه نفاخة، أمكن اجتماع الحروف واجتماع الأصوات في زمن واحد مع تعدد المحل. وإنما الذي يظهر امتناعه اجتماع حرفين في محل واحد في زمن واحد. ولكن هذا قد يقال فيه إنه بمنزلة معاني الكلام فإن الواحد منا يجد من نفسه أنه لا يمكنه جمع معاني الكلام في زمن واحد في قلبه. وإذا كان كذلك فمن قال باجتماع المعاني لزمه ما يلزم من قال

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