Furthermore, it may be said to you: If something that is never free of temporal events as a kind need not itself be temporally originated, this argument is invalid. If it must be temporally originated, then the celestial spheres must likewise be temporally originated. In that case, if the cause necessitating their origination is beginningless and no temporal event has occurred in it, a temporal event can arise without a temporally originated cause. There is then no difference between a temporal event occurring in His essence and one occurring separately from Him, so the position of the Karrāmiyyah follows 0. If, however, temporal events arise only through successive temporal events, an infinite succession of temporal events follows. This refutes the assertion that whatever is never free of temporal events as a kind is itself temporally originated, and this argument is therefore invalid.
It thus becomes clear that you must either acknowledge the invalidity of this argument or accept the position of the Karrāmiyyah. The latter also entails the argument’s invalidity, so its invalidity is established in either case.
If you mean the cause of temporal events as a kind, it may be said to you: According to your own position, the cause of temporal events subsisting in the essence is like the cause of temporal events separate from it. If you allow the essence to be the cause of beginningless temporal events that are separate from it, then it can all the more be their cause when they subsist in Him. For a cause’s necessitating what subsists in it is more fitting than its necessitating what is separate from it. They have no escape from this except through the arguments by which they deny attributes altogether.
The falsity of their position on this has already been established, as has the fact that their argument for it is among the most untenable of arguments. Thus, the vast majority of people oppose them on that fundamental premise.
[The Third Perspective]
It may be said: Grant that the cause of the temporal event is external to the essence and is an effect of the essence. As for their claim that this entails circularity, it is only