They said: Once it is established that He has power, wills, and knows, He must be living, since life is a condition for these qualities, as is known from the observable world. Whenever something’s existence or nonexistence depends on a condition, that condition does not differ between the observable and the unseen. His being living entails that He hears, sees, and speaks, for any living being who lacks these qualities is characterized by their opposites, such as blindness, deafness, and muteness, as is likewise known from the observable world. Allah, Most High, is exalted above being characterized by such qualities.

They said: Once these predicates are established of Him, they are, in the observable world, causally grounded in attributes. Thus, in the observable world, knowledge is the cause of a knower’s being knowing, and power is the cause of one with power being powerful; the same applies to the remaining attributes. A cause does not differ between the observable and the unseen.

Furthermore, in the observable world, a knower is defined as one in whom knowledge subsists, and one who is powerful as one in whom power subsists, and so on. A definition does not differ between the observable and the unseen.