give what You withhold, nor can worldly fortune avail its possessor before You.”

Here he mentions praise, extolling, and glory, just as he does at the beginning of al-Fātihah. Praise encompasses every kind of commendation; extolling entails repeating and enumerating these commendations and increasing their number; glorification entails magnifying and amplifying them, increasing their grandeur and quality.

He, glorified be He, deserves praise, extolling, and glory. No one can praise Him as He praises Himself, extol Him as He extols Himself, or glorify Him as He glorifies Himself.

This is illustrated by the hadith of Ibn ʿUmar recorded in the Sahīh. When the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, recited from the pulpit:

“They have not esteemed Allah as He deserves. On the Day of Resurrection, the whole earth will be in His grasp, and the heavens will be rolled up in His right hand.”

Al-Zumar: 67

He said:

“Allah will grasp His heavens in His hand and the earths in His other hand. Then He will glorify Himself, saying: ‘I am the King, I am the Holy, I am the Source of Peace, I am the Granter of Security, I am the Guardian, I am the Almighty, I am the Compeller, I am the Supreme. I am the One who originated the world when it was nothing; I am the One who brought it back. Where are the kings? Where are the tyrants? Where are the arrogant?’”

Or words to that effect.