and depends on something distinct from this aggregate, that aggregate does not furnish a counterexample concerning existing beings. For the aggregate of existing beings cannot be contingent in the sense of depending on something distinct from itself, since none of its parts depends on anything distinct from the aggregate. If, then, it depends on its individual members, and none of those members depends on anything distinct from the aggregate, it does not follow that the aggregate depends on anything distinct from itself.
Moreover, it is self-evident that the aggregate of existing beings does not depend on anything distinct from itself, since whatever is distinct from the aggregate of existing beings does not exist. The aggregate of existing beings cannot be the effect of something nonexistent. By contrast, the aggregate of contingent beings can be the effect of something that is not contingent. How, then, can the one be compared to the other? Or how can one be used as a counterexample against the other? If the aggregate of existing beings does not depend on something outside itself that does not exist, may it likewise be that the aggregate of contingent beings does not depend on something outside itself that is not contingent?
Is this not just like someone saying:
“If existing beings do not depend for their existence on what does not exist, then the aggregate of nonexistent things does not depend for its existence on what is not nonexistent.”
Is this anything more than a merely verbal analogy, despite the profound disparity in meaning?
Would any rational person say:
“The being that is necessary in itself and the being that