And it is well known that the more conditions a being’s existence requires, the more its existence depends upon all of them, and the further it is from existence than a being whose existence depends upon only some of those conditions. If a contingent being cannot exist through a single contingent cause—indeed, its existence through that cause is impossible—then the more contingent causes its existence depends upon, the greater the impossibility of its existence and the further it is from possibility. And if contingent beings have come into existence, then there certainly exists a cause that brings them into existence and is independent of anything else. The more one reflects on these meanings, the clearer they become, and the more one understands that every contingent being whose existence is posited points to the Necessary Existent, who is self-sufficient and independent of every contingent being distinct from Him.

It is remarkable that these people mention the objections they do when establishing the Necessary Existent’s existence, even though they answer them.

Then, once they take His existence as either demonstrated or conceded, they ascribe to Him negative attributes that are not supported by the evidence establishing His existence. Indeed, they describe Him in terms incompatible with His existence, to the point that it becomes clear that the Necessary Existent, as they describe Him, can only be an impossible existent, as has been explained at length elsewhere. Yet they do not mention against those negations even a fraction of the objections they mention when establishing His existence, even if they imagine them to be invalid, although those objections