the Epistles of the Brethren of Purity, al-Fārābī, Ibn Sīnā, al-Suhrawardī, who was executed, Ibn Rushd the Younger, and the Sufi heretics who departed from the way of the early masters who adhered to the Quran and Sunnah: Ibn ‘Arabī, Ibn Sab‘īn, Ibn al-Tufayl, the author of Hayy ibn Yaqzān, and many others.

Some people agree with them concerning what the prophets reported about Allah, but not concerning the Last Day: they hold that the prophets intended to evoke imagined representations rather than convey reality and explain things as they truly are.

Others say: “Rather, they intended this in some of what they reported about Allah, such as the attributes known through revelation—rising, descending, and others.” Such statements occur in the writings of many speculative thinkers who deny that these attributes actually exist, as they also occur in the writings of a certain group.