Al-Furqān bayna Awliyāʾ al-Raḥmān wa-Awliyāʾ al-ShayṭānIbn Taimiya

The earliest forerunners from among the al-muhājirūn (Emigrants) and the al-anṣār (Helpers) stand above the rest of the Companions.

The Exalted said:
“Those among you who spent and fought before the Conquest are not equal; they are higher in rank than those who spent and fought afterwards, yet to each Allah has promised the best reward.” ⦗Qur’an 57:10⦘

He also said:
“And the first forerunners from among the Emigrants and the Helpers, and those who follow them with excellence—Allah is pleased with them and they are pleased with Him.” ⦗Qur’an 9:100⦘

The ‘earliest forerunners’ are those who spent and fought before the Conquest. The Conquest meant here is the treaty of al-Ḥudaybiyah, for it marked the beginning of the opening that led to the conquest of Mecca. Regarding it Allah revealed:
“Indeed, We have granted you a manifest conquest, so that Allah may forgive you your past and future sins.” ⦗Qur’an 48:1–2⦘

They asked, “Messenger of Allah, is this truly a conquest?” He replied, “Yes.”

The best of those earliest forerunners are the four Rightly Guided Caliphs, and the greatest of them is Abu Bakr, followed by ʿUmar. This is the position well known among the Companions and the Followers who succeeded them.

والسابقون الأولون من المهاجرين والأنصار، أفضل من سائر الصحابة. قال تعالى: {لا يستوي منكم من أنفق من قبل الفتح وقاتل أولئك أعظم درجة من الذين أنفقوا من بعد وقاتلوا وكلا وعد الله الحسنى} وقال تعالى: {والسابقون الأولون من المهاجرين والأنصار والذين اتبعوهم بإحسان رضي الله عنهم ورضوا عنه} والسابقون الأولون: الذين أنفقوا من قبل الفتح وقاتلوا، والمراد بالفتح: صلح الحديبية فإنه كان من أول فتح مكة، وفيه أنزل الله تعالى: {إنا فتحنا لك فتحا مبينا * ليغفر لك الله ما تقدم من ذنبك وما تأخر} فقالوا: يا رسول الله أو فتح هو؟ قال: «نعم» . وأفضل السابقين الأولين، الخلفاء الأربعة، وأفضلهم أبو بكر ثم عمر، وهذا هو المعروف عن الصحابة والتابعين لهم

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