Tafsir Al-QurtubiAl-Qurtubi

To these, yet another facet of the ten-fold inimitability must be added:

Take Sūrat al-Kawthar. It is only three short verses—the briefest sūrah in the entire Qur’an—yet it contains information about two unseen matters.

The first is the announcement of al-Kawthar itself: its immensity, its vast reach, and the abundance of its vessels. This implies that those who believe in it will outnumber the followers of all the other messengers.

The second is the announcement concerning al-Walīd ibn al-Mughirah. At the moment the verse was revealed he possessed great wealth and many children, as the Truth, exalted is He, says:

“Leave Me with him whom I created alone, to whom I granted abundant wealth and sons ever at his side, and for whom I smoothed everything.” (Qur’an 74:11-13)

Later Allah, glorious is He, destroyed his wealth and offspring, and his lineage came to an end.

Another aspect is the Qur’an’s deployment of the Arabic tongue in a fashion no Arab could achieve on his own, to the extent that all Arabs concurred that every word and every letter is placed in its perfect position.

Another aspect is its narration of events from the dawn of creation up to the time of its revelation, conveyed by an unlettered man who had never before recited any scripture nor written a line with his own hand. Yet he related the stories of the prophets and their peoples, the bygone generations of ancient times, and answered what the People of the Book asked him—and challenged him with—such as the story of the Companions of the Cave, the account of Moses and al-Khiḍr, peace be upon them, and the affair of Dhū al-Qarnayn. He presented these narratives although he was himself unlettered, from an unlettered nation that had no knowledge of them. Those who possessed the earlier scriptures recognized their accuracy and thereby verified his truthfulness.

Qāḍī Ibn al-Tayyib said: “We know with certainty that such knowledge can be attained only through learning. It is likewise known that he never kept company with those versed in ancient reports, nor with transmitters of historical accounts; he did not frequent any of their scholars, nor was he a reader from whom it could be supposed that a book had reached him from which he took. Hence it is evident that he could only have obtained this knowledge through assistance that came by way of revelation.”

Another facet is the fulfillment of promises—plainly apprehended through direct observation—in everything that Allah, exalted is He, has promised.

These promises are of two kinds.

  1. Unrestricted promises, such as His pledge to grant victory to His Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, and to drive out those who expelled him from his homeland.

  2. Promises tied to a condition, as in His words:
    • “Whoever puts his trust in Allah, He is sufficient for him.” (Qur’an 65:3)
    • “Whoever believes in Allah, He will guide his heart.” (Qur’an 64:11)
    • “Whoever fears Allah, He will make for him a way out.” (Qur’an 65:2)
    • “If there are among you twenty who are steadfast, they will overcome two hundred.” (Qur’an 8:65)
    and the like.

Another aspect is the Qur’an’s foretelling of future unseen matters—knowledge accessible only through revelation—such as:

ينضاف إليها أمر آخر من الوجوه العشر: فَهَذِهِ سُورَةُ " الْكَوْثَرِ" ثَلَاثُ آيَاتٍ قِصَارٍ، وَهِيَ أَقْصَرُ سُورَةٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ، وَقَدْ تَضَمَّنَتِ الْإِخْبَارَ عَنْ مُغَيَّبَيْنِ: أَحَدُهُمَا الْإِخْبَارُ عَنِ الْكَوْثَرِ وَعِظَمِهِ وَسِعَتِهِ وَكَثْرَةِ أَوَانِيهِ، وَذَلِكَ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُصَدِّقِينَ بِهِ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ أَتْبَاعِ سَائِرِ الرُّسُلِ. وَالثَّانِي الْإِخْبَارُ عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، وَقَدْ كَانَ عِنْدَ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ ذَا مَالٍ وَوَلَدٍ، عَلَى مَا يَقْتَضِيهِ قَوْلُهُ الْحَقُّ: " ذَرْنِي وَمَنْ خَلَقْتُ وَحِيداً. وَجَعَلْتُ لَهُ مَالًا مَمْدُوداً. وَبَنِينَ شُهُوداً. وَمَهَّدْتُ لَهُ تَمْهِيداً «١» " ثُمَّ أهلك الله سبحان مَالَهُ وَوَلَدَهُ، وَانْقَطَعَ نَسْلُهُ. وَمِنْهَا التَّصَرُّفُ فِي لِسَانِ الْعَرَبِ عَلَى وَجْهٍ لَا يَسْتَقِلُّ بِهِ عَرَبِيٌّ، حَتَّى يَقَعَ مِنْهُمُ الِاتِّفَاقُ مِنْ جَمِيعِهِمْ عَلَى إِصَابَتِهِ فِي وَضْعِ كُلِّ كَلِمَةٍ وَحَرْفٍ مَوْضِعَهُ. وَمِنْهَا: الْإِخْبَارُ عَنِ الْأُمُورِ الَّتِي تَقَدَّمَتْ في أول الدنيا إلى وقت تزوله مِنْ أُمِّيٍّ مَا كَانَ يَتْلُو مِنْ قَبْلِهِ مِنْ كِتَابٍ، وَلَا يَخُطُّهُ بِيَمِينِهِ، فَأَخْبَرَ بِمَا كَانَ مِنْ قِصَصِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ مَعَ أُمَمِهَا، وَالْقُرُونِ الْخَالِيَةِ فِي دَهْرِهَا، وَذَكَرَ مَا سَأَلَهُ أَهْلُ الكتاب عنه، وتحدوه به من قصص أَهْلِ الْكَهْفِ، وَشَأْنِ مُوسَى وَالْخَضِرِ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ، وَحَالِ ذِي الْقَرْنَيْنِ، فَجَاءَهُمْ وَهُوَ أُمِّيٌّ مِنْ أُمَّةٍ أُمِّيَّةٍ، لَيْسَ لَهَا بِذَلِكَ عِلْمٌ بِمَا عَرَفُوا مِنَ الْكُتُبِ السَّالِفَةِ صِحَّتَهُ، فَتَحَقَّقُوا صِدْقَهُ. قَالَ الْقَاضِي ابْنُ الطَّيِّبِ: وَنَحْنُ نَعْلَمُ ضَرُورَةَ أَنَّ هَذَا مِمَّا لَا سَبِيلَ إِلَيْهِ إِلَّا عن تعلم، وإذا كَانَ مَعْرُوفًا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ مُلَابِسًا لِأَهْلِ الآثار، وحملة، الأخبار، والا مترددا إلى المتعلم منهم، ولا كان منن يَقْرَأُ فَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَقَعَ إِلَيْهِ كِتَابٌ فَيَأْخُذُ منه، علم أَنَّهُ لَا يَصِلُ إِلَى عِلْمِ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا بِتَأْيِيدٍ مِنْ جِهَةِ الْوَحْيِ. وَمِنْهَا: الْوَفَاءُ بِالْوَعْدِ، المدرك بالحسن فِي الْعَيَانِ، فِي كُلِّ مَا وَعَدَ اللَّهُ سبحان، وَيَنْقَسِمُ: إِلَى أَخْبَارِهِ الْمُطْلَقَةِ، كَوَعْدِهِ بِنَصْرِ رَسُولِهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، وَإِخْرَاجِ الَّذِينَ أَخْرَجُوهُ مَنْ وَطَنِهِ. وإلى مُقَيَّدٍ بِشَرْطٍ، كَقَوْلِهِ: " وَمَنْ يَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ فَهُوَ حَسْبُهُ «٢» " ... " وَمَنْ يُؤْمِنْ بِاللَّهِ يَهْدِ قَلْبَهُ «٣» " ... " وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مَخْرَجاً «٤» " وَ" إِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ عِشْرُونَ صابِرُونَ يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ «٥» ، وَشِبْهُ ذَلِكَ وَمِنْهَا: الْإِخْبَارُ عَنِ الْمُغَيَّبَاتِ فِي الْمُسْتَقْبَلِ الَّتِي لَا يَطَّلِعُ عَلَيْهَا إِلَّا بِالْوَحْيِ، فمن ذلك:
(١). راجع ج ١٩ ص ٧٠. (٢). راجع ج ١٨ ص ١٦١. (٣). راجع ج ١٨ ص ١٣٩. (٤). راجع ج ١٨ ص ١٥٧. (٥). راجع ج ٨ ص ٤٤.

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