Zād al-Maʿād - Ibn al-Qayyim - (2/146)

Zād al-MaʿādIbn al-Qayyim

in his report from Ibn ‘Umar, and to Ibn ‘Umar himself in what he reported about (1) the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. It seems likely that Ibn ‘Umar told him, “He performed Hajj alone,” but he thought that he had said, “He recited the pilgrimage invocation for Hajj.” They used the expression “performing Hajj alone” to mean performing just one set of Hajj rites. This was their response to those who said that he combined Hajj and ‘umrah with two circumambulations and two performances of sa‘y, and to those who said that he had left (2) his state of ihrām. Thus, the reports of the Companions who related that he performed Hajj alone refute these claims.

This is clarified by what Muslim narrated in his Sahīh (3), through Nāfi‘ from Ibn ‘Umar, who said: “We recited the pilgrimage invocation (4) for Hajj alone with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him.” Another version reads: “He recited the pilgrimage invocation for Hajj alone.” If it is said that this report means that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, recited the pilgrimage invocation for Hajj alone (5), the reply is that it is established through a more authentic chain of transmission from Ibn ‘Umar that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, performed tamattu‘, joining ‘umrah to Hajj, and that he first recited the pilgrimage invocation for ‘umrah, then for Hajj. This is al-Zuhrī’s report from Sālim, from Ibn ‘Umar. Any report from Ibn ‘Umar that conflicts with this must either have been erroneously (6) attributed to him, or have a meaning consistent with it, or reflect Ibn ‘Umar’s assumption that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, had performed Hajj alone because he knew that he had not left his state of ihrām. This would be like his mistaken statement, “He performed ‘umrah in Rajab,” which resulted from forgetfulness on his part. Since the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, had not left his state of ihrām—as was also the case for someone performing Hajj alone (7)—Ibn ‘Umar assumed that he had performed Hajj alone.

(1) ‘: “‘an (from).” (2) ‘: “halla (left the state of ihrām).” (3) Hadith no. 1231. (4) k: “ahlaltu (I recited the pilgrimage invocation).” (5) mb: “mufradan (alone).” (6) k, ‘: “ghalat (an error).” (7) s: “illā al-mufrid (except the person performing Hajj alone),” an erroneous reading.

عنه، وتغليطِه هو على (١) النَّبيِّ ﷺ. ويُشبِه أنَّ ابن عمر قال له: «أفرد الحجَّ» فظنَّ أنَّه قال: «لبَّى بالحجِّ»، فإنَّ إفراد الحجِّ كانوا يطلقونه ويريدون به إفراد أعمال الحجِّ، وذلك ردٌّ منهم على من قال: إنَّه قرن قرانًا طاف فيه طوافين وسعى فيه سعيين، وعلى من يقول: إنَّه أحلَّ (٢) من إحرامه. فرواية من روى من الصَّحابة أنَّه أفرد الحجَّ تردُّ على هؤلاء. يبيِّن هذا ما رواه مسلم في «صحيحه» (٣) عن نافع عن ابن عمر قال: أهللنا (٤) مع رسول الله ﷺ بالحجِّ مفردًا، وفي روايةٍ «أهلَّ بالحجِّ مفردًا». فهذه الرِّواية إذا قيل: إنَّ مقصودها أنَّ النَّبيَّ ﷺ أهلَّ بحجٍّ مفردٍ (٥)، قيل: فقد ثبت بإسنادٍ أصحَّ من ذلك عن ابن عمر أنَّ النَّبيَّ ﷺ تمتَّع بالعمرة إلى الحجِّ، وأنَّه بدأ فأهلَّ بالعمرة ثمَّ أهلَّ بالحجِّ، وهذا من رواية الزُّهريِّ عن سالم عن ابن عمر. وما عارض هذا عن ابن عمر: إمَّا أن يكون غلطًا (٦) عليه، وإمَّا أن يكون مقصوده موافقًا له، وإمَّا أن يكون ابن عمر لمَّا علم أنَّ النَّبيَّ ﷺ لم يحلَّ ظنَّ أنَّه أفرد، كما وهم في قوله: «إنَّه اعتمر في رجبٍ»، وكان ذلك نسيانًا منه، والنَّبيُّ ﷺ لمَّا لم يحلَّ من إحرامه ــ وكان هذا حالَ المفرد (٧) ــ ظنَّ أنَّه أفرد.

(١) ع: «عن». (٢) ع: «حل». (٣) برقم (١٢٣١). (٤) ك: «أهللت». (٥) مب: «مفردًا». (٦) ك، ع: «غلط». (٧) ص: «الا المفرد»، خطأ.