the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, during the Farewell Pilgrimage. He offered sacrificial animals, bringing them with him from Dhū al-Hulayfah. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, began by declaring his entry into the consecrated state for ‘umrah, then for Hajj.” He then related the remainder of the hadith.

The second is what al-Bukhārī and Muslim both related (1) in their Sahīh collections (2), also from ‘Urwah, whom ‘Ā’ishah informed about the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, in exactly the same terms as Ibn ‘Umar’s hadith.

The third is what Muslim related in his Sahīh (3), through Qutaybah, from al-Layth, from Nāfi‘, from Ibn ‘Umar: he combined Hajj with ‘umrah and performed a single circumambulation for both. He then said: “This is what the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, did.”

The fourth is what Abū Dāwūd related (4) from al-Nufaylī, who said: Zuhayr ibn Mu‘āwiyah (5) narrated to us, saying: Abū Ishāq (6) narrated to us, from Mujāhid, who said: Ibn ‘Umar was asked, “How many times did the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, perform ‘umrah?” He replied, “Twice.” ‘Ā’ishah said, “Ibn ‘Umar certainly knew that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, performed ‘umrah three times, besides the one he combined with his Hajj.”

This does not contradict Ibn ‘Umar’s statement, “He, peace and blessings be upon him, combined Hajj and ‘umrah,” because he meant a complete ‘umrah performed separately. There is no doubt that there were two such ‘umrahs: the make-up ‘umrah and the ‘umrah of