Zād al-MaʿādIbn al-Qayyim

Allah through any act of obedience, or from doing more good where no scriptural text prohibits it.” This is the view of the majority. However, Abū Hanīfah excluded five days on which ‘umrah should not be performed: the Day of ‘Arafah, the Day of Sacrifice, and the days of Tashrīq (the three days following the Day of Sacrifice). Abū Yūsuf excluded only the Day of Sacrifice and the days of Tashrīq. The Shāfi‘īs excluded those staying overnight at Minā to perform the stoning rites during the days of Tashrīq (1).

‘Ā’ishah performed ‘umrah twice in one year. Al-Qāsim was asked, “Did no one object to her doing so?” He replied, “Object to the Mother of the Believers (2)?” Whenever the hair on Anas’s head grew back after shaving (3), he would go out and perform ‘umrah (4). It is reported that ‘Alī used to perform ‘umrah several times a year (5). The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “One ‘umrah to the next is an expiation for what occurs between them” (6).

Sufficient evidence here is that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had ‘Ā’ishah perform ‘umrah from al-Tan‘īm in addition to the ‘umrah for which she had already entered ihrām, both within the same year. It cannot be argued that ‘Ā’ishah had abandoned her earlier ‘umrah, so that the one from al-Tan‘īm was performed to make up for it, because an ‘umrah cannot validly be abandoned. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, told her: “Your circumambulation suffices for both your Hajj and your ‘umrah” (7). In another wording: “You have come out of ihrām for both” (8).

(1) “And the Shāfi‘īs excluded … Tashrīq” is omitted from ج. (2) Reported by al-Shāfi‘ī in al-Umm (3/336–337). Al-Bayhaqī’s version (4/344) reads: “She performed ‘umrah three times in one year.” (3) ق, ع, ك, ج read ihmarra (“turned red”), a textual corruption. Hammama al-ra’s means that the hair on the head grew back after shaving. (4) Its source references will be given below. (5) Its source references will be given below. (6) Reported by al-Bukhārī (1773) and Muslim (1349), from Abū Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him. (7) Reported by Muslim (1211/132), from ‘Ā’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her. (8) Reported by Muslim (1213/136), from ‘Ā’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her.
الله بشيءٍ من الطَّاعات، ولا من الازدياد من الخير في موضعٍ لم يأتِ بالمنع منه نصٌّ، وهذا قول الجمهور. إلا أنَّ أبا حنيفة استثنى خمسة أيَّامٍ لا يعتمر فيها: يوم عرفة، ويوم النَّحر، وأيَّام التَّشريق. واستثنى أبو يوسف يوم النَّحر وأيَّام التَّشريق خاصَّةً. واستثنت الشَّافعيَّة البائتَ بمنًى لرمي أيَّام التَّشريق (١). واعتمرت عائشة في سنةٍ مرَّتين، فقيل للقاسم: لم ينكِر عليها أحدٌ؟ فقال: أعلى أمِّ المؤمنين (٢)؟ وكان أنس إذا حمَّم (٣) رأسُه خرج فاعتمر (٤). ويُذكر عن علي أنَّه كان يعتمر في السَّنة مرارًا (٥). وقد قال ﷺ: «العمرة إلى العمرة كفَّارةٌ لما بينهما» (٦). ويكفي في هذا أنَّ النَّبيَّ ﷺ أعمرَ عائشة من التَّنعيم سوى عمرتها الَّتي كانت أهلَّت بها، وذلك في عامٍ واحدٍ. ولا يقال: عائشة كانت قد رفضت العمرة، فهذه الَّتي من التَّنعيم قضاء عنها; لأنَّ العمرة لا يصحُّ رفضها. وقد قال لها النَّبيُّ ﷺ: «يَسَعُكِ طوافكِ لحجِّكِ وعمرتكِ» (٧)، وفي لفظٍ: «حللتِ منهما جميعًا» (٨).
(١) «واستثنت ... التشريق» ساقطة من ج. (٢) رواه الشافعي في «الأم» (٣/ ٣٣٦، ٣٣٧). وعند البيهقي (٤/ ٣٤٤): «أنها اعتمرت في سنةٍ ثلاثَ مرات». (٣) ق، ع، ك، ج: «احمر»، تحريف. وحمَّم الرأس: نبت شعره بعد ما حُلق. (٤) سيأتي تخريجه. (٥) سيأتي تخريجه. (٦) رواه البخاري (١٧٧٣) ومسلم (١٣٤٩) من حديث أبي هريرة ﵁ . (٧) رواه مسلم (١٢١١/ ١٣٢) من حديث عائشة ﵂. (٨) رواه مسلم (١٢١٣/ ١٣٦) من حديث عائشة ﵂.

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